What is ADHD?

Written By Emma Excell

1. What is ADHD?

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition. This means the brain develops and processes information differently.
ADHD primarily affects a person’s ability to regulate:

  • attention

  • activity levels

  • impulses

  • executive functioning (the brain’s management system)

The NHS describes ADHD as:
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
It is important to remember that ADHD is not a lack of intelligence, motivation, or effort. Many people with ADHD are bright, creative, and capable, but their brains process tasks and attention differently.


2. How is ADHD recognised?

ADHD is usually identified through a combination of observation and formal assessment.
Common signs of ADHD
Children or teenagers with ADHD may experience:
Inattention

  • difficulty sustaining attention

  • easily distracted

  • forgetfulness

  • losing things

  • difficulty following instructions

Hyperactivity / impulsivity

  • restlessness

  • interrupting others

  • difficulty waiting

  • acting before thinking

These patterns typically appear in more than one setting (for example at home and at school).


3. How is ADHD assessed?

A formal diagnosis is usually carried out by a specialist such as:

  • ADHD specialist paediatrician

  • psychiatrist

  • clinical psychologist

Assessment tools may include:

  • Conners Rating Scale

  • Vanderbilt Assessment Scale

  • Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC)

  • Child Behaviour Checklist

  • Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale

  • Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales

These assessments gather information from parents, teachers, and the young person.

Emma Excell
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